Environmental remediation is a critical area where inorganic nanoparticles shine. Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles, for instance, are renowned for their photocatalytic properties. When exposed to ultraviolet light, TiO₂ nanoparticles generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can degrade organic pollutants, such as dyes, pesticides, and pharmaceuticals, into less harmful substances. This process, known as photocatalytic degradation, has been successfully employed in water treatment systems to purify contaminated water sources. For example, studies have shown that TiO₂ nanoparticles can reduce the concentration of phenol, a common industrial pollutant, by over 90% within a few hours under UV light irradiation.