• Penpaxilloids A (Compound 1), a non-competitive inhibitor of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) with an IC₅₀ of 8.60 μM, is isolated from the fungus Penicillium sp. ZYX-Z-143. Additionally, Penpaxilloids A acts as an α-glucosidase inhibitor with anti-inflammatory properties.